ruler of the city

νόμος, ου, ὁ (νέμω; [Zenodotus reads ν. in Od. 1, 3] Hes.+; loanw. in rabb.—On the history of the word MPohlenz, Nomos: Philol 97, ’48, 135–42; GShipp, Nomos ‘Law’ ’78; MOstwald, Nomos and the Beginnings of Athenian Democracy ’69). The primary mng. relates to that which is conceived as standard or generally recognized rules of civilized conduct esp. as sanctioned by tradition (Pind., Fgm. 152, 1=169 Schr. νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεύς; cp. SEG XVII, 755, 16: Domitian is concerned about oppressive practices hardening into ‘custom’; MGigante, ΝΟΜΟΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ [Richerche filologiche 1] ’56). The synonym ἔθος (cp. συνήθεια) denotes that which is habitual or customary, especially in reference to personal behavior. In addition to rules that take hold through tradition, the state or other legislating body may enact ordinances that are recognized by all concerned and in turn become legal tradition. A special semantic problem for modern readers encountering the term ν. is the general tendency to confine the usage of the term ‘law’ to codified statutes. Such limitation has led to much fruitless debate in the history of NT interpretation.—HRemus, Sciences Religieuses/Studies in Religion 13, ’84, 5–18; ASegal, Torah and Nomos in Recent Scholarly Discussion, ibid., 19–27.

① a procedure or practice that has taken hold, a custom, rule, principle, norm (Alcman [VII B.C.], Fgm. 93 D² of the tune that the bird sings; Ocellus [II B.C.] c. 49 Harder [1926] τῆς φύσεως νόμος; Appian, Basil. 1 §2 πολέμου ν., Bell. Civ. 5, 44 §186 ἐκ τοῦδε τοῦ σοῦ νόμου=under this rule of yours that governs action; Polyaenus 5, 5, 3 ν. πόμπης; 7, 11, 6 ν. φιλίας; Sextus 123 τοῦ βίου νόμος; Just., A II, 2, 4 παρὰ τὸν τῆς φύσεως ν.; Ath. 3, 1 νόμῳ φύσεως; 13, 1 θυσιῶν νόμῳ)

ⓐ gener. κατὰ νόμον ἐντολῆς σαρκίνης in accordance w. the rule of an external commandment Hb 7:16. εὑρίσκω τὸν νόμον I observe an established procedure or principle or system Ro 7:21 (ν. as ‘principle’, i.e. an unwritten rightness of things Soph., Ant. 908). According to Bauer, Paul uses the expression νόμος (which dominates this context) in cases in which he prob. would have preferred another word. But it is also prob. that Paul purposely engages in wordplay to heighten the predicament of those who do not rely on the gospel of liberation from legal constraint: the Apostle speaks of a principle that obligates one to observe a code of conduct that any sensible pers. would recognize as sound and valid ὁ νόμος τ. νοός μου vs. 23b (s. νοῦς 1a). Engaged in a bitter struggle w. this νόμος there is a ἕτερος νόμος which, in contrast to the νοῦς, dwells ἐν τοῖς μέλεσίν μου in my (physical) members vs. 23a, and hence is a νόμος τῆς ἁμαρτίας vs. 23c and 25b or a νόμος τ. ἁμαρτίας καὶ τ. θανάτου 8:2b. This sense prepares the way for the specific perspective

ⓑ of life under the lordship of Jesus Christ as a ‘new law’ or ‘system’ of conduct that constitutes an unwritten tradition ὁ καινὸς ν. τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 2:6; in brief ν. Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ IMg 2 (cp. Just., D. 11, 4; 43, 1; Mel., P. 7, 46). Beginnings of this terminology as early as Paul: ὁ ν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ =the standard set by Christ Gal 6:2 (as vs. 3 intimates, Christ permitted himself to be reduced to nothing, thereby setting the standard for not thinking oneself to be someth.). The gospel is a νόμος πίστεως a law or system requiring faith Ro 3:27b (FGerhard, TZ 10, ’54, 401–17) or ὁ ν. τοῦ πνεύματος τῆς ζωῆς ἐν Χρ. Ἰ. the law of the spirit (=the spirit-code) of life in Chr. J. 8:2a. In the same sense Js speaks of a ν. βασιλικός (s. βασιλικός) 2:8 or ν. ἐλευθερίας vs. 12 (λόγος ἐλ. P⁷⁴), ν. τέλειος ὁ τῆς ἐλευθερίας 1:25 (association w. 1QS 10:6, 8, 11 made by EStauffer, TLZ 77, ’52, 527–32, is rejected by SNötscher, Biblica 34, ’53, 193f. On the theme of spontaneous moral achievement cp. Pind., Fgm. 152 [169 Schr.] 1f νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεὺς | θνατῶν τε καὶ ἀθανάτων | ἄγει δικαιῶν τὸ βιαιότατον| ὑπερτάτᾳ χειρί=custom is lord of all, of mortals and immortals both, and with strong hand directs the utmost power of the just. Plut., Mor. 780c interprets Pindar’s use of νόμος: ‘not written externally in books or on some wooden tablets, but as lively reason functioning within him’ ἔμψυχος ὢν ἐν αὐτῷ λόγῳ; Aristot., EN 4, 8, 10 οἷον ν. ὢν ἑαυτῷ; Diod S 1, 94, 1 ν. ἔγγραπτος; cp. also Ovid, Met. 1, 90 sponte sua sine lege fidem rectumque colebat; Mayor, comm. ‘Notes’ 73.—RHirzel, ΑΓΡΑΦΟΣ ΝΟΜΟΣ 1903.). Some would put ὁ νόμος Js 2:9 here (s. LAllevi, Scuola Cattol. 67, ’39, 529–42), but s. 2b below.—Hermas too, who in part interprets Israel’s legal tradition as referring to Christians, sees the gospel, exhibited in Christ’s life and words, as the ultimate expression of God’s will or ‘law’. He says of Christ δοὺς αὐτοῖς (i.e. the believers) τὸν ν., ὅν ἔλαβε παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ Hs 5, 6, 3, cp. Hs 8, 3, 3. Or he sees in the υἱὸς θεοῦ κηρυχθεὶς εἰς τὰ πέρατα τῆς γῆς, i.e. the preaching about the Son of God to the ends of the earth, the νόμος θεοῦ ὁ δοθεὶς εἰς ὅλον. τ. κόσμον 8, 3, 2. Similarly to be understood are τηρεῖν τὸν ν. 8, 3, 4. ὑπὲρ τοῦ ν. παθεῖν 8, 3, 6. ὑπὲρ τοῦ ν. θλίβεσθαι 8, 3, 7. ἀρνησάμενοι τὸν νόμον ibid. βλασφημεῖν τὸν ν. 8, 6, 2.

② constitutional or statutory legal system, law

ⓐ gener.: by what kind of law? Ro 3:27. ν. τῆς πόλεως the law of the city enforced by the ruler of the city (ν. ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι γραπτός Orig., C. Cels. 5, 37, 2); the penalty for breaking it is banishment Hs 1:5f. τοῖς ν. χρῆσθαι observe the laws 1:3; πείθεσθαι τοῖς ὡρισμένοις ν. obey the established laws Dg 5:10; νικᾶν τοὺς ν. ibid. (νικάω 3). Ro 7:1f, as well as the gnomic saying Ro 4:15b and 5:13b, have been thought by some (e.g. BWeiss, Jülicher) to refer to Roman law, but more likely the Mosaic law is meant (s. 3 below).

ⓑ specifically: of the law that Moses received from God and is the standard according to which membership in the people of Israel is determined (Diod S 1, 94, 1; 2: the lawgiver Mneves receives the law from Hermes, Minos from Zeus, Lycurgus from Apollo, Zarathustra from the ἀγαθὸς δαίμων, Zalmoxis from Hestia; παρὰ δὲ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, Μωϋσῆς receives the law from the Ἰαὼ ἐπικαλούμενος θεός) ὁ ν. Μωϋσέως Lk 2:22; J 7:23; Ac 15:5. ν. Μωϋσέως Ac 13:38; Hb 10:28. Also ὁ ν. κυρίου Lk 2:23f, 39; GJs 14:1. ὁ ν. τοῦ θεοῦ (Theoph. Ant. 2, 14 [p. 136, 4]) Mt 15:6 v.l.; Ro 8:7 (cp. Tat. 7, 2; 32, 1; Ath. 3:2). ὁ ν. ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν, αὐτῶν etc. J 18:31; 19:7b v.l.; Ac 25:8. κατὰ τὸν ἡμέτερον ν. 24:6 v.l. (cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 131). ὁ πατρῷος ν. 22:3. τὸν ν. τῶν ἐντολῶν Eph 2:15. Since the context of Ac 23:29 ἐγκαλούμενον περὶ ζητημάτων τοῦ νόμου αὐτῶν points to the intimate connection between belief, cult, and communal solidarity in Judean tradition, the term νόμος is best rendered with an hendiadys: (charged in matters) relating to their belief and custom; cp. ν. ὁ καθʼ ὑμᾶς 18:15. Ro 9:31 (CRhyne, Νόμος Δικαιοσύνης and the meaning of Ro 10:4: CBQ 47, ’85, 486–99).—Abs., without further qualification ὁ ν. Mt 22:36; 23:23; Lk 2:27; J 1:17; Ac 6:13; 7:53; 21:20, 28; Ro 2:15 (τὸ ἔργον τοῦ νόμου the work of the law [=the moral product that the Mosaic code requires] is written in the heart; difft. Diod S 1, 94, 1 ν. ἔγγραπτος, s. 1b, above), 18, 20, 23b, 26; 4:15a, 16; 7:1b, 4–7, 12, 14, 16; 8:3f; 1 Cor 15:56; Gal 3:12f, 17, 19, 21a, 24; 5:3, 14; 1 Ti 1:8 (GRudberg, ConNeot 7, ’42, 15); Hb 7:19 (s. Windisch, Hdb. exc. ad loc.), 28a; 10:1; cp. Js 2:9 (s. 1b above); μετὰ τὸν ν. Hb 7:28b; οἱ ἐν τῷ ν. Ro 3:19; κατὰ τὸν ν. according to the (Mosaic) law (Jos., Ant. 14, 173; 15, 51 al.; Just., D. 10, 1) J 19:7b; Ac 22:12; 23:3; Hb 7:5; 9:22. παρὰ τ. νόμον contrary to the law (Jos., Ant. 17, 151, C. Ap. 2, 219; Ath. 1, 3 παρὰ πάντα ν.) Ac 18:13.—νόμος without the art. in the same sense (on the attempt, beginning w. Origen, In Ep. ad Ro 3:7 ed. Lomm. VI 201, to establish a difference in mng. betw. Paul’s use of ὁ νόμος and νόμος s. B-D-F §258, 2; Rob. 796; Mlt-Turner 177; Grafe [s. 3b below] 7–11) Ro 2:13ab, 17, 23a, * 25a; 3:31ab; 5:13, 20; 7:1a (s. above); Gal 2:19b; 5:23 (JRobb, ET 56, ’45, 279f compares κατὰ δὲ τῶν τοιούτων οὐκ ἔστι νόμος Aristot., Pol. 1284a). δικαίῳ νόμος οὐ κεῖται, ἀνόμοις δὲ … 1 Ti 1:9. Cp. ἑαυτοῖς εἰσιν νόμος Ro 2:14 (in Pla., Pol. and in Stoic thought the wise person needed no commandment [Stoic. III 519], the bad one did; MPohlenz, Stoa ’48/49 I 133; II 75). Used w. prepositions: ἐκ ν. Ro 4:14; Gal 3:18, 21c (v.l. ἐν ν.); Phil 3:9 (ἐκ νόμου can also mean corresponding to or in conformity with the law: PRev 15, 11 ἐκ τῶν νόμων); cp. ἐκ τοῦ νόμου Ro 10:5. διὰ νόμου Ro 2:12b; 3:20b; 4:13; 7:7b; Gal 2:19a, 21; ἐν ν. (ἐν τῷ ν. Iren. 3, 11, 8 [Harv. II 49, 9]) Ro 2:12a, 23; Gal 3:11, 21c v.l.; 5:4; Phil 3:6. κατὰ νόμον 3:5; Hb 8:4; 10:8 (make an offering κατὰ νόμον as Arrian, Anab. 2, 26, 4; 5, 8, 2); χωρὶς ν. Ro 3:21a; 7:8f; ἄχρι ν. 5:13a. ὑπὸ νόμον 6:14f; 1 Cor 9:20; Gal 3:23; 4:4f, 21a; 5:18 (cp. Just., D. 45, 3 οἱ ὑπὸ τὸν ν.).—Dependent on an anarthrous noun παραβάτης νόμου a law-breaker Ro 2:25b ( 27b w. art.); Js 2:11. ποιητὴς ν. one who keeps the law 4:11d (w. art. Ro 2:13b). τέλος ν. the end of the law Ro 10:4 (RBultmann and HSchlier, Christus des Ges. Ende ’40). πλήρωμα ν. fulfilment of the law 13:10. ν. μετάθεσις a change in the law Hb 7:12. ἔργα ν. Ro 3:20a, 28; 9:32 v.l.; Gal 2:16; 3:2, 5, 10a.—(ὁ) ν. (τοῦ) θεοῦ Ro 7:22, 25a; 8:7 because it was given by God and accords w. his will. Lasting Mt 5:18; Lk 16:17 (cp. Bar 4:1; PsSol 10:4; Philo, Mos. 2, 14; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 277).—Used w. verbs, w. or without the art.: ν. ἔχειν J 19:7a; Ro 2:14 (ApcSed 14:5). πληροῦν ν. fulfill the law Ro 13:8; pass. Gal 5:14 (Mel., P. 42, 291). πληροῦν τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ ν. fulfill the requirement of the law Ro 8:4. φυλάσσειν τὸν ν. observe the law Ac 21:24; Gal 6:13. τὰ δικαιώματα τοῦ ν. φυλάσσειν observe the precepts of the law Ro 2:26; διώκειν ν. δικαιοσύνης 9:31a; πράσσειν ν. 2:25a. ποιεῖν τὸν ν. J 7:19b; Gal 5:3; Ro 2:14b, s. below; τὸν ν. τηρεῖν Js 2:10. τὸν ν. τελεῖν Ro 2:27. φθάνειν εἰς ν. 9:31b. κατὰ ν. Ἰουδαϊσμὸν ζῆν IMg 8:1 v.l. is prob. a textual error (Pearson, Lghtf., Funk, Bihlmeyer, Hilgenfeld; Zahn, Ign. v. Ant. 1873 p. 354, 1 [difft. in Zahn’s edition] all omit νόμον as a gloss and are supported by the Latin versions; s. Hdb. ad loc.). τὰ τοῦ ν. ποιεῖν carry out the requirements of the law Ro 2:14b (ApcSed 14:5; FFlückiger, TZ 8, ’52, 17–42). καταλαλεῖν νόμου, κρίνειν ν. Js 4:11abc. ἐδόθη ν. Gal 3:21a.—Pl. διδοὺς νόμους μου εἰς τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν Hb 8:10; cp. 10:16 (both Jer 38:33).—Of an individual stipulation of the law ὁ νόμος τοῦ ἀνδρός the law insofar as it concerns the husband (Aristot., Fgm. 184 R. νόμοι ἀνδρὸς καὶ γαμετῆς.—SIG 1198, 14 κατὰ τὸν νόμον τῶν ἐρανιστῶν; Num 9:12 ὁ ν. τοῦ πάσχα; Philo, Sobr. 49 ὁ ν. τῆς λέπρας) Ro 7:2b; cp. 7:3 and δέδεται νόμῳ vs. 2a (on the imagery Straub 94f); 1 Cor 7:39 v.l.—The law is personified, as it were (Demosth. 43, 59; Aeschin. 1, 18; Herm. Wr. 12, 4 [the law of punishment]; IMagnMai 92a, 11 ὁ ν. συντάσσει; b, 16 ὁ ν. ἀγορεύει; Jos., Ant. 3, 274) J 7:51; Ro 3:19.

③ a collection of holy writings precious to God’s people, sacred ordinance

ⓐ in the strict sense the law=the Pentateuch, the work of Moses the lawgiver (Diod S 40, 3, 6 προσγέγραπται τοῖς νόμοις ἐπὶ τελευτῆς ὅτι Μωσῆς ἀκούσας τοῦ θεοῦ τάδε λέγει τ. Ἰουδαίοις=at the end of the laws this is appended: this is what Moses heard from God and is telling to the Jews. ὁ διὰ τοῦ ν. μεταξὺ καθαρῶν καὶ ἀκαθάρτων διαστείλας θεός Iren. 3, 12, 7 [Harv. II 60, 3]; cp. Hippol., Ref. 7, 34, 1) τὸ βιβλίον τοῦ νόμου Gal 3:10b (cp. Dt 27:26). Also simply ὁ νόμος (Jos., Bell. 7, 162 ὁ ν. or 2, 229 ὁ ἱερὸς ν. of the holy book in a concrete sense) Mt 12:5 (Num 28:9f is meant); J 8:5; 1 Cor 9:8 (cp. Dt 25:4); 14:34 (cp. Gen 3:16); Gal 4:21b (the story of Abraham); Hb 9:19. ὁ ν. ὁ ὑμέτερος J 8:17 (cp. Jos., Bell. 5, 402; Tat. 40, 1 κατὰ τοὺς ἡμετέρους ν.). ἐν Μωϋσέως νόμῳ γέγραπται 1 Cor 9:9. καθὼς γέγραπται ἐν νόμῳ κυρίου Lk 2:23 (γέγραπται ἐν νόμῳ as Athen. 6, 27, 23c; IMagnMai 52, 35 [III B.C.]; Mel., P. 11, 71; cp. Just., D. 8, 4 τὰ ἐν τῷ ν. γεγραμμένα); cp. vs. 24. ἔγραψεν Μωϋσῆς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ J 1:45 (cp. Cercidas [III B.C.], Fgm. 1, 18f Diehl² [=Coll. Alex. p. 204, 29=Knox p. 196] καὶ τοῦθʼ Ὅμηρος εἶπεν ἐν Ἰλιάδι).—The Sacred Scriptures (OT) referred to as a whole in the phrase ὁ ν. καὶ οἱ προφῆται (Orig., C. Cels. 2, 6, 4; cp. Hippol., Ref. 8, 19, 1) the law (הַתּוֹרָה) and the prophets (הַנְּבִיאִים) Mt 5:17; 7:12; 11:13; 22:40; Lk 16:16; Ac 13:15; 24:14; 28:23; Ro 3:21b; cp. Dg 11:6; J 1:45. τὰ γεγραμμένα ἐν τῷ ν. Μωϋσέως καὶ τοῖς προφήταις καὶ ψαλμοῖς Lk 24:44.

ⓑ In a wider sense=Holy Scripture gener., on the principle that the most authoritative part gives its name to the whole (ὁ ν. ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ Theoph. Ant. 1, 11 [p. 82, 15]): J 10:34 (Ps 81:6); 12:34 (Ps 109:4; Is 9:6; Da 7:14); 15:25 (Ps 34:19; 68:5); 1 Cor 14:21 (Is 28:11f); Ro 3:19 (preceded by a cluster of quotations fr. Psalms and prophets).—Mt 5:18; Lk 10:26; 16:17; J 7:49.—JHänel, Der Schriftbegriff Jesu 1919; OMichel, Pls u. s. Bibel 1929; SWesterholm, Studies in Religion 15, ’86, 327–36.—JMeinhold, Jesus u. das AT 1896; MKähler, Jesus u. das AT² 1896; AKlöpper, Z. Stellung Jesu gegenüber d. Mos. Gesetz, Mt 5:17–48: ZWT 39, 1896, 1–23; EKlostermann, Jesu Stellung z. AT 1904; AvHarnack, Hat Jesus das atl. Gesetz abgeschafft?: Aus Wissenschaft u. Leben II 1911, 225–36, SBBerlAk 1912, 184–207; KBenz, D. Stellung Jesu zum atl. Gesetz 1914; MGoguel, RHPR 7, 1927, 160ff; BBacon, Jesus and the Law: JBL 47, 1928, 203–31; BBranscomb, Jes. and the Law of Moses 1930; WKümmel, Jes. u. d. jüd. Traditionsged.: ZNW 33, ’34, 105–30; JHempel, D. synopt. Jesus u. d. AT: ZAW 56, ’38, 1–34.—Lk-Ac: JJervell, HTR 64, ’71, 21–36.—EGrafe, D. paulin. Lehre vom Gesetz² 1893; HCremer, D. paulin. Rechtfertigungslehre 1896, 84ff; 363ff; FSieffert, D. Entwicklungslinie d. paul. Gesetzeslehre: BWeiss Festschr. 1897, 332–57; WSlaten, The Qualitative Use of νόμος in the Pauline Ep.: AJT 23, 1919, 213ff; HMosbech, Pls’ Laere om Loven: TT 4/3, 1922, 108–37; 177–221; EBurton, ICC, Gal 1921, 443–60; PFeine, Theol. des NT⁶ ’34, 208–15 (lit.); PBenoit, La Loi et la Croix d’après S. Paul (Ro 7:7–8:4): RB 47, ’38, 481–509; CMaurer, D. Gesetzeslehre des Pls ’41; PBläser, D. Gesetz b. Pls ’41; BReicke, JBL 70, ’51, 259–76; GBornkamm, Das Ende d. Gesetzes ’63; HRaisänen, Paul and the Law² ’87; PRichardson/SWesterholm, et al., Law in Religious Communities in the Rom. Period, ’91 (Torah and Nomos); MNobile, La Torà al tempo di Paolo, alcune ri-flessioni: Atti del IV simposio di Tarso su S. Paolo Apostolo, ed. LPadovese ’96, 93–106 (lit. 93f, n. 1).—Dodd 25–41.—B. 1358; 1419; 1421. DELG s.v. νέμω Ic. Schmidt, Syn. I 333–47. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ἐκβάλλω fut. ἐκβαλῶ; 2 aor. ἐξέβαλον; plpf. ἐκβεβλήκειν Mk 16:9. Pass.: 1 fut. ἐκβληθήσομαι; aor. ἐξεβλήθην; pf. 3 sg. ἐκβέβληται (Just.), ptc. ἐκβεβλημένος (Hom.+) gener. ‘to throw out’, then

① force to leave, drive out, expel, τινά (SIG 1109, 95; PTebt 105, 31; Gen 3:24 al.; Jos., Bell. 1, 31, Ant. 1, 58) Mt 21:12 (Chariton 3, 2, 12 πάντας ἐ. fr. the temple of Aphrodite; Lysimachus: 621 Fgm. 1, 306 Jac. [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 306] God demands that the Egyptian king ἐκβάλλειν ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν those who are unclean; CRoth, Cleansing of the Temple and Zech 14:21: NovTest 4, ’60, 174–81; for lit. on Jesus’ action s. DSeeley, CBQ 55, ’93, 263 n. 1); Mk 1:12 is perh. to be understood in this sense, cp. Gen 3:24, but s. 2 below; Mk 5:40; 11:15; Lk 19:45; 20:12. Pass. Mt 9:25; Hs 1, 4; 9, 14, 2. τινὰ or τὶ ἔκ τινος (Dio Chrys. 49 [66], 3; SIG 317, 12; PLond III, 887, 6 p. 1 [III B.C.]; PMagd 12, 11=PEnteux 54, 11; Ex 6:1; Num 22:6 al.; Philo, Cher. 10) J 2:15; Hs 8, 7, 5. ἀπό τινος (Ex 23:31; Num 22:11; 2 Ch 11:16; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 163; Jos., Ant. 13, 352; Just., D. 92, 2 ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰερουσαλήμ) Ac 13:50. ἔξω τινός out of someth. (Lev 14:40; 1 Macc 13:47 v.l.): a city (Hyperid. 5:31) Lk 4:29; Ac 7:58; cp. Hs 1:6; ἐ. ἔξω (without amplification as 2 Ch 29:16) J 6:37; 9:34f (s. below); Ac 9:40. Pass. Lk 13:28; J 12:31 (βάλλω P⁶⁶ et al.). W. the destination given ἐ. εἴς τι drive someone out into someth. (Dt 29:27; 2 Ch 29:16; Jer 22:28; Mel., P. 48): into the darkness outside (cp. En 10:4) Mt 8:12; 22:13; 25:30.—From a vineyard Mt 21:39; Mk 12:8; Lk 20:15; in these three passages throw out, toss out is prob. meant.—Mid., throw someth. overboard to save oneself: Ac 27:38 grain (the act. in this sense Diod S 3, 40, 5; τὰ ὑπάρχοντα En 101:5; Jos., Bell. 1, 280).—Used esp. of the expulsion of spirits who have taken possession of a pers. (Jos., Ant. 6, 211; Just. A II, 10, 6 δαίμονας … ἐκβαλὼν τῆς πολιτείας; PGM 4, 1227 πρᾶξις γενναία ἐκβάλλουσα δαίμονας; 1252; 1254) Mt 8:31; 9:33f; 10:1, 8; 12:26; 17:19; Mk 1:34, 39, 43; 3:15, 23; 6:13; 7:26 (ἔκ τινος); 9:18, 28; 16:9 (παρά τινος); Lk 9:40; 11:14; 13:32. W. the means given (Lucian-Epigr. in Anth. Pal. 11, 427 δαίμονα ἐ. δυνάμει) τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι by your name Mt 7:22. λόγῳ with a word 8:16. For this ἔν τινι by someone or someth. by the ruler of the evil spirits 9:34; Mk 3:22; by Beelzebul Mt 12:24, 27; Lk 11:15, 18f; by the name of Jesus Mk 9:38; 16:17; Lk 9:49; by the finger of God Lk 11:20; cp. vs. 19; ἐν πνεύματι θεοῦ Mt 12:28.—GSterling, Jesus as Exorcist: CBQ 55, ’93, 467–93.— Expel someone fr. a group, repudiate someone (Pherecyd. 83 Zeus expels insolent deities) a servant girl Gal 4:30 (Gen 21:10); a wife (Demosth. 59, 63; 83; Diod S 12, 18, 1; BGU 1050, 15; PGiss 2, 23; Lev 21:7; Pr 18:22a; Sir 7:26; Jos., Ant. 16, 215; 17, 78) Agr 18; ἐκ τ. ἐκκλησίας ἐ. 3J 10 (cp. POxy 104, 17; Jos., Bell. 2, 143). Vss. J 9:34f, referred to above, prob. belong here too, since the Johannine love of multiple meaning has combined the mngs. drive out of the audience-room and expel from the synagogue.—Idiom: λόγους ἐ. εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω cast words behind oneself=pay no attention to them 1 Cl 35:8 (Ps 49:17); ἐ. τὸ ὄνομα disdain, spurn the name Lk 6:22 (cp. Pla., Crito 46b and Rep. 2, 377c; Soph., Oed. Col. 636; 646); difft., Wlh. ad loc.; s. Black, An Aramaic Approach³, ’67, 135f, w. special ref. to Dt 22:14, 19.

② to cause to go or remove from a position (without force), send out/away, release, bring out (PRyl 80, 1 [I A.D.] ἐκβάλετε … ὑδροφύλακας; 1 Macc 12:27) workers Mt 9:38; Lk 10:2 (cp. PMich 618, 15f [II A.D.]); send away Js 2:25; release Ac 16:37; lead out (Μαρτύριον τῆς ἁγ. Αἰκατερίνας 18 p. 17 Viteau: ἐκέλευσεν ὁ βας. ἐκβληθῆναι αὐτὴν ἐκ τ. φυλακῆς; Theophanes, Chron. 388, 28) Mk 1:12 (but s. 1 above); bring out of sheep J 10:4 (cp. Hs 6, 2, 6; Longus 3, 33, 2 προσέβαλλε ταῖς μητράσι τοὺς ἄρνας; BGU 597, 4 ἵνα βάλῃ τὸν μόσχον πρὸ τ. προβάτων).

③ to cause someth. to be removed from someth., take out, remove (1 Macc 13:48; Diosc. 1, 50; s. Rydbeck 155–58; 184) a beam or splinter ἐκ τ. ὀφθαλμοῦ Mt 7:4f; Lk 6:42; Ox 1 verso, 2 (ASyn. 68, 44) (cp. GTh 26; Aesop. p. 28 Ursing ἐκβάλλεις ἄκανθα[ν] ἐκ ποδῶν μου); bring out τὶ someth. (Horapollo 2, 105; TestAbr A 6, p. 83, 23 [Stone p. 14] ἐκ τοῦ κόλπου ‘[pearls] out of the purse’) ἐκ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ θησαυροῦ ἐ. τὰ ἀγαθά out of the good treasure (=the tr. of the good) that which is good Mt 12:35; 13:52; take out a sum of money Lk 10:35. Of an eye, tear out and throw away Mk 9:47 (Syntipas p. 101, 2; cp. La 3:16 ἐ. ὀδόντας). Of material in the body (Ps.-Plut., Hom. 205; schol. on Nicander, Alexiph. 485; cp. Ps.-Aristot., Mirabilia 6 οἱ κυνηγοὶ εἰς ἀγγεῖον αὐτὴν [=τὴν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου κόπρον] ἐμβάλοντες=the hunters let their excrement fall into a pot.—ἐκβ. τι=let someth. fall Diog. L. 6, 35) evacuate Mt 15:17.

④ to pay no attention to, disregard τὴν αὐλὴν τὴν ἔξωθεν τοῦ ναοῦ ἔκβαλε ἔξωθεν leave out (of consideration) the outer court of the temple Rv 11:2 (Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 147 ἐ. τι=disregard someth.; M. Ant. 12, 25 βάλε ἔξω τὴν ὑπόληψιν=do not concern yourself about … ; Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 372 VI, 22f [II A.D.] τὸ ἀναγνωσθὲν δάνειον ἐκβάλλω=I pass over, omit. On the belief of Jerusalem’s inhabitants that the temple could be saved, while the beleagured city was ruined, s. Jos., Bell. 5, 459).

⑤ to bring someth. about, cause to happen, bring ἐ. εἰς νῖκος τὴν κρίσιν lead justice on to victory Mt 12:20 (s. κρίσις 3).—B. 713. M-M. TW.

παῖς, παιδός, ὁ or ἡ (Hom. et al.) child.

① a young pers. normally below the age of puberty, w. focus on age rather than social status, boy, youth (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Philo, Op. M. 105; Jos., Ant. 12, 210; Just., D. 78, 2 and 7; s. VLeinieks, The City of Dionysos ’96, 199–210 on age-classes) Mt 17:18; Lk 9:42; Ac 20:12. Ἰησοῦς ὁ παῖς Lk 2:43. In ref. to Jesus GJs 20:4; 22:2.—Pl. (as פְּדַיָּא a loanw. in rabb.) Mt 2:16; 21:15; B 8:3f.—ἐκ παιδός from childhood (Diod S 1, 54, 5; 1, 73, 9; 1, 92, 5; 19, 40, 2 al. Simplicius in Epict. p. 129, 26; UPZ 144, 19 [165 B.C.] τῆς ἐκ παιδὸς φιλίας; cp. Just., A I, 15, 6 ἐκ παίδων) Mk 9:21 D.

② one’s own immediate offspring, child as ‘son’ or ‘daughter’

ⓐ of a son ὁ παῖς (Hom.+; Diod S 20, 22, 1 οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ; ins, pap, LXX; TestAbr A 7 p. 84, 19 [Stone p. 16]; JosAs 23:9; ApcMos 42; Jos., Bell. 4, 646, Ant. 20, 140 al.; Just., A II, 2, 16 al.; Tat. 41, 1; Mel., HE 4, 26, 7, P. 53, 389; Ath. 20, 2 al.) ὁ παῖς αὐτοῦ J 4:51 (=υἱός vss. 46f, 50; υἱός v.l. for παῖς vs. 51). This sense is also poss. in Mt 8:6, 8, 13, but these pass. prob. belong in 3a.

ⓑ of a daughter ἡ παῖς (for the feminine term, but not limited to ‘daughter’, s. Pind., Fgm. 107, 7 [122 Sch.] ὦ παῖδες=girls!; Hyperid., Fgm. 144; Phalaris, Ep. 142, 1; Chariton 1, 8, 2; Philostrat., Her. 19, 11 p. 204, 31; Gen 24:28; 34:12; TestJob 7:7f; Jos., Ant. 1, 254; 5, 266 al.; Tat. 8, 3; 33, 2) Lk 8:51; GJs fifteen times for Mary. ἡ παῖς (my) child (nom. w. art. for voc.; s. B-D-F §147, 3; Rob. 465f; 769) Lk 8:54.

③ one who is committed in total obedience to another, slave, servant

ⓐ of slaves and personal attendants slave, servant (since Hipponax [VI B.C.] 16 D.³; Aeschyl., Cho. 652. Also HUsener, Epicurea 1887 p. 168, 10; Plut., Alcib. 193 [4, 5], Mor. 65c; 70e; SIG 96, 26. Oft. pap. and LXX; TestAbr B; JosAs 99:3 al.; AscIs 3:5; Jos., Ant. 18, 192, Vi. 223.—Even an especially trusted male servant is termed ὁ παῖς: Diod S 15, 87, 6 Epaminondas’ armor-bearer; Appian, Iber. 27, 107 Scipio’s groom; Gen 24:2ff Abraham’s chief servant, vs. 5 ὁ παῖς) Lk 7:7 (=δοῦλος vss. 2f, 10); 15:26; AcPt Ox 849, 15 [Aa I 73, 21 Lat.]. W. παιδίσκη (q.v.) 12:45. Prob. Mt 8:6, 8, 13 also belong here (s. 2a).—Of those at a ruler’s court οἱ παῖδες courtiers, attendants (Diod S 17, 36, 5; Gen 41:10, 37f; 1 Km 16:17; Jer 43:31; 44:2; 1 Macc 1:6, 8) Mt 14:2.

ⓑ of special relationships

α. humans as God’s servants, slaves (Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 152 D.: θεῶν παῖδες [or ‘sons of gods’ as Polyb. 3, 47, 8; Chariton 2, 1, 5 and Diog. L. 9, 72]; LXX; ParJer 6:24 [Jeremiah]) Israel (Is 41:8f; PsSol 12:6; 17:21) Lk 1:54. David (Ps 17:1; Is 37:35) 1:69; Ac 4:25; D 9:2a.—Of guileless pers. τοὺς κατὰ θεὸν ἀκακίαν ἀσκοῦντας παῖδας ἐκάλουν, ὡς καὶ Παπίας δηλοῖ as Papias points out, those who led a godly life without guile were called children Papias (8).

β. angels as servants of God (God) does not trust his servants 1 Cl 39:4 (Job 4:18). Of the young man from heaven who released Paul from his chains παῖς λείαν (=λίαν) εὐειδὴς ἐν χάριτι AcPl Ha 3, 13f.

γ. of Christ in his relation to God. In this connection it has the mng. servant because of the identification of the ‘servant of God’ of certain OT pass. w. the Messiah (Is 52:13 et al.; BJanowski/PStuhlmacher, edd., Der Leidende Gottesknecht ’96 [lit.]; DBS XII 1000–1016) Mt 12:18 (cp. Is 42:1); B 6:1; B 9:2 (on the last two cp. Is 50:10). So prob. also D 9:2b (because of the immediate proximity of Δαυὶδ ὁ παῖς σου 9:2a); 9:3; 10:2f.—In other places (cp. Ath. 10, 2; 12, 2 al.; Iren. 3, 12, 5 [Harv. II 58, 8]) the mng. son is certainly to be preferred (παῖς was so understood in the Gk. world, when it expressed a relationship to a divinity: Il. 2, 205 Κρόνου παῖς; Sappho 1, 2 Diehl; Alcaeus 1; Bacchylides 17, 70 Minos, a παῖς of Zeus; Hermocles [IV/III B.C.] p. 174 Coll. Alex.=Athen. 6, 63, 253d: Demetrius Poliorcetes as π. Ποσειδῶνος θεοῦ; Diod S 17, 51, 1 the god Ammon has his prophet address Alexander thus χαῖρε, ὦ παῖ; what follows makes it clear that procreation is meant; Plut., Mor. 180d; Maximus Tyr. 14, 1d; Paus. 2, 10, 3 Ἄρατος Ἀσκληπιοῦ π.; Diogenes, Ep. 36, 1; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 7, 24 p. 279, 4; Porphyr., Vi. Plot. 23; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 2, 10; IG IV², 128, 50 [280 B.C.] and oft.; Sb 8314, 9 Hermes conducts the dead man to the Elysian fields ἅμα παισὶ θεῶν. S. above bα the παῖδες θεῶν. Cp. also Herm. Wr. 13, 2 ὁ γεννώμενος θεοῦ θεὸς παῖς; 13, 4; 14; Rtzst., Poim. 223f.—Celsus 7, 9) παῖς αὐτοῦ ὁ μονογενὴς Ἰησοῦς Χρ. MPol 20:2. God as ὁ τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ κ. εὐλογητοῦ παιδὸς Ἰησοῦ Χρ. πατήρ 14:1. Corresp. Christ as God’s ἀγαπητὸς παῖς 14:3; Dg 8:11. The same is true of the other pass. in Dg: 8:9; 9:1.—In the case of the rest of the pass. it is hardly poss. to decide which mng. is better: Ac 3:13, 26; 4:27, 30 (unless the παῖς σου your servant of 4:25 should demand the same transl. for the other pass. as well; JMénard, CBQ 19, ’57, 83–92 [Acts]); 1 Cl 59:2–4 (in wordplay w. παιδεύω; but here the word ἠγαπημένος repeated in vss. 2 and 3 [cp. the magical pap of c. 300 A.D. in TSchermann, TU 34, 2b, 1909, 3: Christ as ἠγαπημένος παῖς] could suggest the transl. son).—WBousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 56f; AvHarnack, Die Bezeichnung Jesu als ‘Knecht Gottes’ u. ihre Geschichte in d. alten Kirche: SBBerlAk 1926, 212–38; Jeremias, ZNW 34, ’35, 115–23; KEuler, D. Verkündigung v. leidenden Gottesknecht aus Jes 53 in d. griech. Bibel ’34; PSeidelin, D. ˓Ebed J. u. d. Messiasgestalt im Jesajatargum: ZNW 35, ’36, 194–231; HWolff, Jes 53 im Urchristent. ’50²; EMcDowell, Son of Man and Suffering Servant ’44; ELohmeyer, Gottesknecht u. Davidssohn ’45, esp. 2–8; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 268f; OCullmann, Dieu Vivant 16, ’50, 17–34; HHegermann, Jes 53 in Field, Hexapla, Targum u. Peschitta ’54; ELohse, Märtyrer u. Gottesknecht ’55; WGrundmann, Sohn Gottes: ZNW 47, ’56, 113–33; OCullmann, Die Christologie des NT ’57; JPrice, Interpretation 12, ’58, 28–38 (Synoptics); MHooker, Jesus and the Servant ’59; BvanIersel, ‘D. Sohn’ in d. synopt. Jesusworten, ’61, 52–65 (bibliog.); HOrlinsky, The So-called Suffering Servant in Isaiah 53, ’64 (s. review in CBQ 27, ’66, 147); EKränkl, Jesus der Knecht Gottes, ’72 (Acts); FDanker, Proclamation Comm.: Luke ’87, 82–86. WZimmerli/JJeremias, The Servant of God (tr. HKnight), ’65=Studies in Bibl. Theol. 20.—B. 87f. Schmidt, Syn. II 422–31. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

χώρα, ας, ἡ (Hom.+) country, land.

① (dry) land in contrast to the sea, land (Isocr. 7, 1; Diod S 3, 40, 2; 20, 61, 4 [opp. θάλασσα]) Ac 27:27.

② a portion of land area, district, region, place

ⓐ gener. Mk 6:55; Lk 2:8; 15:14f; Ac 13:49. χώρα μακρά Lk 15:13; 19:12. ἡ χώρα ἐγγὺς τῆς ἐρήμου J 11:54. ἔξω τῆς χώρας out of that region Mk 5:10.

ⓑ The district is more definitely described ὁ κύριος τῆς χώρας ταύτης the lord of this country Hs 1:4a (TestJob 3:7). Sharper definiteness is brought about by a gen. of the ruler 1:4b; of the inhabitants αὐτῶν (Jos., Ant. 5, 318; Just., A I, 53, 9) Mt 2:12; GJs 21:4 (cp. TestJob 41:2 ἐαυτῶν) Ac 12:20; 1 Cl 12:2, mentioned by name (Josh 5:12; 1 Ch 20:1; Is 7:18; EpArist 107; Just., A I, 34, 2) τῶν Γαδαρηνῶν Mt 8:28; cp. Mk 5:1; Lk 8:26; Ac 10:39; of the provincial name (1 Macc 8:3) ἡ χώρα τῆς Ἰουδαίας Ac 26:20; cp. ἐν χώρᾳ Βηθλεέμ GJs 18:1 (AscIs 3:1, 5); also by a geograph. adj. (Just., D. 79, 2 τῇ Ἀιγυπτίᾳ χώρᾳ) ἡ Γαλατικὴ χώρα Ac 16:6; 18:23; cp. Lk 3:1; 1 Cl 25:3 and Mk 1:5 (here we have ἡ Ἰουδαία χώρα [Jos., Ant. 11, 4] by metonymy for the inhabitants).

③ the open country in contrast to the city, country (Isocr. et al.; Diod S 18, 18, 9 πόλιν κ. χώραν; Appian, Iber. 10 §39; PTebt 416, 11; EpArist 108f; SibOr 3, 707) εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἐκ τῆς χώρας J 11:55. κατὰ χώρας καὶ πόλεις κηρύσσοντες 1 Cl 42:4 (cp. TestLevi 13:7). Those who were dispersed by the persecution at Jerusalem διεσπάρησαν κατὰ τὰς χώρας τῆς Ἰουδαίας κ. Σαμαρείας Ac 8:1. Cp. 11:2 D.

④ land used for farming, field, cultivated land (X. et al.; Sir 43:3; TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 13 [Stone p. 4]; p. 79, 1 [St. p. 6]; Jos., Ant. 7, 191; prob. also Cat. Cod. Astr. IX/2 p. 135, 1) pl. Lk 21:21; J 4:35; Js 5:4. Sing. land, farm (Jos., Ant. 11, 249; 16, 250) Lk 12:16.—ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ B 7:8 refers to land which, though uncultivated, grows fruit-bearing bushes.

⑤ a place or position in which an entity is located, place (Ps.-Tyrtaeus 9, 42 D.³ πάντες … εἴκουσʼ ἐκ χώρης=they all withdraw from the place [that the seasoned soldier claims for himself]; Just., A I, 13, 3 ἐν δευτέρᾳ χώρᾳ of Jesus Christ, ‘in second place’, i.e. after God the Father; idem, D. 127, 2 ἐν τῇ αὐτοῦ χώρᾳ of God, who remains stationary ‘in his place’, i.e. God need not ‘come down’ to see someth.; Ath., R. 20 p. 73, 18; s. χωρέω 2) ἐν χώρᾳ καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου = ἐν χώρᾳ σκιᾶς θανάτου in the land of the shadow of death Mt 4:16 (Is 9:1).—For the history of the word s. KDieterich, RhM n.s. 59, 1904, 226ff.—B. 1302; 1304f.—DELG. M-M.

καθίστημι,

A in causal sense:—[voice] Act., in [tense] pres., [tense] impf., [tense] fut., and [tense] pf.

καθέστᾰκα Hyp.Eux.28

, LXXJe.1.10, D.H.Dem.54, D.S.32.11, etc.; once

καθέστηκα PHib.1.82i14

(iii B. C.): [tense] plpf.

- εστάκει Demetr.

Sceps. ap. Ath.15.697d:—also in [voice] Med., [tense] fut. (Paus.3.5.1), [tense] aor. 1, more rarely [tense] pres. (infr. A. 11.2):— set down,

κρητῆρα καθίστα Il.9.202

; νῆα κατάστησον bring it to land, Od.12.185; κ. δίφρους place, station them, before starting for the race, S.El. 710; ποῖ [ δεῖ] καθιστάναι πόδα; E.Ba. 184;

κ. τινὰ εἰς τὸ φανερόν X.An.7.7.22

; set up, erect, of stones, Inscr.Cypr.94, 95 H.:—[voice] Med., [ λαῖφος] κατεστήσαντο βοεῦσι steadied it, h.Ap. 407.

2 bring down to a place,

τούς μ' ἐκέλευσα Πύλονδε καταστῆσαι Od.13.274

: generally, bring,

κ. τινὰ ἐς Νάξον Hdt.1.64

, cf. Th.4.78; esp. bring back,

πάλιν αὐτὸν κ. ἐς τὸ τεῖχος σῶν καὶ ὑγιᾶ Id.3.34

;

κ. τοὺς Ἕλληνας εἰς Ἰωνίαν πάλιν X.An.1.4.13

; without πάλιν, replace, restore,

ἐς φῶς σὸν κ. βίον E.Alc. 362

; ἃς (sc. τὰς κόρας) οὐδ' ὁ Μελάμπους.. καταστήσειεν ἄν cure their squint, Alex.112.5; ἰκτεριῶντας κ. Dsc.4.1; τὸ σῶμα restore the general health, Hp.Mul. 2.133:—[voice] Med., κατεστήσαντο (v.l. for κατεκτήσαντο)

εὐδαιμονίαν Isoc. 4.62

:—[voice] Pass., οὐκ ἂν ἀντὶ πόνων Χάρις καθίσταιτο would be returned, Th. 4.86.

3 bring before a ruler or magistrate, Hdt.1.209, PRyl.65.10 (i B. C.), etc.;

τινὰ ἐπί τινα PCair.Zen.202.6

(iii B. C.), POxy.281.24 (i A. D.).

II set in order, array, of soldiers, X.An.1.10.10; set as guards, προφυλακάς ib.3.2.1, etc.

2 ordain, appoint,

κατέστησε τύραννον εἶναι παῖδα τὸν ἑωυτοῦ Hdt.5.94

, cf. 25: usu. without the inf.,

κ. τινὰ ὕπαρχον Id.7.105

; ἄλλον [ ἄρχοντα]

ἀντὶ αὐτοῦ X.Cyr.3.1.12

, etc.;

βασιλέα ἐπί τινας LXX 1 Ki.8.5

, al.;

τινὰ ἐς μοναρχίαν E.Supp. 352

;

ἐπὶ τὰς ἀρχάς Isoc.12.132

;

τινὰ τύραννον Ar.Av. 1672

;

κ. ἐγγυητάς Hdt.1.196

, Ar.Ec. 1064; δικαστάς, ἐπιμελητάς, νομοθέτας, Id.Pl. 917, X.Cyr.8.1.9, D.3.10 (sed leg. καθίσατε, cf.

καθίζω 1.4

); of games, etc., γυμνικοὺς ἀγῶνας κ. Isoc.4.1: rarely c. inf.,

οἱ καθιστάντες μουσικῇ.. παιδεύειν Pl.R. 410b

:—so in [voice] Pass.,

κυβερνᾶν κατασταθείς X. Mem.1.7.3

: [tense] aor. [voice] Med., appoint for oneself,

τύραννον καταστησάμενοι παρὰ. σφίσι αὐτοῖσι Hdt.5.92

.á;

ἄρχοντας X.An.3.1.39

, etc.

b esp. of laws, constitutions, ceremonies, etc., establish, νόμους, τελετάς, E.Or. 892, Ba.21, etc.; πολιτείαν, δημοκρατίαν, Arist.Ath.7.1, Decr.ib. 29.3;

ὀλιγαρχίαν Lys.12.42

; also, set in order, arrange,

πολιτείαν Pl. R. 590e

:—also in [voice] Med.,

τοῦτο βουλευτήριον φρούρημα γῆς καθίσταμαι A.Eu. 706

;

τὴν Ἱππίου καθίσταμαι τυραννίδα Ar.V. 502

;

καθίστατο τὰ περὶ τὴν Μυτιλήνην ᾗ αὐτῷ ἐδόκει Th.3.35

;

πόλεις ἐπὶ τὸ ὠφέλιμον Id.1.76

; [ Εὔβοιαν] ὁμολογίᾳ ib. 114; πρὸς ἐμὲ τὸ πρᾶγμα καταστήσασθαι settle it with me, D.21.90.

3 bring into a certain state,

τινὰ ἐς ἀπόνοιαν Th.1.82

;

ἐς ἀπορίαν Id.7.75

;

εἰς ἀνάγκην Lys.3.3

;

εἰς αἰσχύνην Pl.Sph. 230d

;

εἰς ἐρημίαν φίλων Id.Phdr. 232d

;

εἰς ἀγῶνα Id.Ap. 24c

;

τινὰ εἰς ἀσφάλειαν Isoc.5.123

; τίνας εἰς ἀγῶνα καθέστακα; Hyp.Eux. 28, cf. Lycurg.2;

κ. τινὰ ἐν ἀγῶνι καὶ κινδύνῳ Antipho 5.61

;

τὴν πόλιν ἐν πολέμῳ Pl.Mx. 242a

;

τοὺς φίλους ἐν ἀκινδύνῳ X.Cyr.4.5.28

; κ. ἑαυτὸν ἐς κρίσιν present himself for trial, Th.1.131, cf. Lycurg.6; κ. τινὰ εἰς τοὺς ἀρχικούς reckon him as one of.., X.Mem.2.1.9.

4 c. dupl. acc., make, render so and so,

ψευδῆ γ' ἐμαυτόν S.Ant. 657

;

ἡ ἐπιθυμία κ. τινὰ ἀμνήμονα Antipho 2.1.7

; τὸ πιστὸν ὑμᾶς ἀπιστοτέρους κ. Th.1.68; κ. τι φανερόν, σαφές, Id.2.42, 1.32; τινὸς ἐπίπονον τὸν βίον κ. Isoc.10.17: c. part., κλαίοντα καθιστάναι τινά bring one to tears, E.Andr. 635: rarely c. inf., κ. τινὰ φεύγειν make him fly, Th.2.84, cf. E.Alc. 283, Luc.Charid.8:—[voice] Pass.,

ἀνάγκη τὴν ναυμαχίαν πεζομαχίαν καθίστασθαι Th.2.89

.

5 [voice] Med., get for oneself,

τὴν ζόην καταστήσασθαι ἀπ' ἔργων ἀνοσιωτάτων Hdt.8.105

.

6 make, in periphrases,

πάννυχοι.. διάπλοον καθίστασαν A.Pers. 382

:—[voice] Med., κρυφαῖον ἔκπλουν οὐδαμῇ καθίστατο ib. 385.

B intr. in [tense] aor. 2, [tense] pf. καθέστηκα, and [tense] plpf. of [voice] Act. (also [tense] fut.

καθεστήξω Th.3.37

, 102), and all tenses of [voice] Med. (exc. [tense] aor. 1 ) and [voice] Pass.: [tense] pf. καθέσταμαι in later Greek, IG22.1006.24 (ii B. C.), LXXNu.3.32, etc.:—to be set, set oneself down, settle, ἐς [ Αἴγιναν] Hdt.3.131, cf. Th.4.75; [ ὀδύναι]

καθίσταντο ἐς ὑπογάστριον Hp.Epid.7.97

; of joints, ἐξίσταται ἀνωδύνως καὶ κ. goes out of joint and in again, Id.Art.8; κ. ἐς Ῥήγιον to make R. a base of operations, Th.3.86; simply, to be come to a place,

ὅποι καθέσταμεν S.OC23

.

b come before another, stand in his presence, Pi.P.4.135;

λέξον καταστάς A.Pers. 295

(unless it be taken in signf. 4), cf. Hdt.1.152;

κ. ἐς ὄψιν τινός Id.7.29

;

καταστάντες ἐπὶ τοὺς ἄρχοντας ἔλεγον Id.3.46

, cf. 156;

καταστὰς ἐπὶ τὸ πλῆθος ἔλεγε Th.4.84

.

2 to be set as guard,

ὑπό τινος Hdt.7.59

, cf. S.OC 356, X.An.4.5.19, etc.; to be appointed,

δεσπότης.. καθέστηκα E.HF 142

;

στρατηλάτης νέος καταστάς Id.Supp. 1216

; κ. Χορηγὸς εἰς Θαργήλια, στρατηγός, etc., Antipho 6.11, Isoc.4.35, etc.;

οἱ πρόβουλοι καθεστᾶσιν ἐπὶ τοῖς βουλευταῖς Arist.Pol. 1299b37

; δικτάτωρ.. καθε[ στάμενος τὸ τέταρτον], = Lat. dictator designatus quartum, of Caesar, IG12(2).35b7 (Mytil.).

3 deposit a sediment, Hp. Epid.1.2, 7.

4 also, stand or become quiet or calm, of water,

ὅταν ἡ λίμνη καταστῇ Ar.Eq. 865

, cf. PHolm.16.3; θάλασσα γαληνὴ καὶ κ. Plb.21.31.10; πνεῦμα λεῖον καὶ καθεστηκός calm and settled, Ar.Ra. 1003; ὁ θόρυβος κατέστη subsided, Hdt.3.80; of laughter, Philostr. VA3.4; of a swelling, Hp.Prog.7;

ἕως τὰ πράγματα κατασταίη Lys. 13.25

; also of persons, καταστάς composedly, A.Pers. 295 (but v. supr. 1b); [ ἡ ψυχὴ]

καθίσταται καὶ ἠρεμίζεται Arist.Ph. 248a2

; ὁρῶμεν [ τοὺς ἐνθουσιαστικοὺς]..

καθισταμένους Id.Pol. 1342a10

;

καθεστηκυίας τῆς διανοίας Ocell.4.13

; καθεστῶτι προσώπῳ with composed, calm countenance, Plu.Fab.17;

μαίνεσθαι καὶ ἔξω τοῦ καθεστηκότος εἶναι Luc.Philops.5

; τίς ἂν καθεστηκὼς φήσαιε; what person of mature judgement would say.. ? Phld.Po.5.15; ἡ καθεστηκυῖα ἡλικία middle age, Th.2.36; ἡλικία μέση καὶ κ. Pl.Ep. 316c; οἱ καθεστηκότες those of middle age, Hp.Aph.1.13: also, with metaphor from wine, mellow, of persons, Alex.45.8.

5 come into a certain state, become, and in [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf., to have become, be,

ἀντὶ φίλου πολέμιόν τινι κ. Hdt. 1.87

;

οἱ μὲν ὀφθαλμῶν ἰητροὶ κατεστέασι, οἱ δὲ κεφαλῆς Id.2.84

;

ἔμφρων καθίσταται S.Aj. 306

;

τῶν ἄνωθεν ὑπόπτων καθεστώτων Epicur. Sent.13

;

ἐς μάχην Hdt.3.45

;

ἐς πόλεμον ὑμῖν καὶ μάχην κ. E.HF 1168

;

ἐς πάλην καθίσταται δορὸς τὸ πρᾶγμα Id.Heracl. 159

;

ἐς τὴν ἴησιν Hp.Prorrh.2.12

; ἐς τὸ αὐτό they recover, Id.Coac. 160 (later abs.,

καταστῆναι καὶ μηδενὸς ἔτι φαρμάκου δεηθῆναι Gal.Vict.Att.1

);

ἐς τοὺς κινδύνους Antipho 2.3.1

;

ἐς φόβον Hdt.8.12

, Th.2.81; ἐς δέος, λύπην, Id.4.108,7.75;

ἐς φυγήν Id.2.81

;

ἐς ἔχθραν τινί Isoc.9.67

; εἰς ὁμόνοιαν, εἰς πολλὴν ἀθυμίαν, Lys.18.18, 12.3; καταστῆναι ἐς συνήθειάν τινος τὴν πόλιν ποιεῖν make the city become accustomed to it, Aeschin.1.165;

ἀντιστασιώτης κατεστήκεε

had been,

Hdt.1.92

, cf. 9.37;

ἐν δείματι μεγάλῳ κατέστασαν Id.7.138

; καταστάντων σφι εὖ τῶν πρηγμάτων ib. 132; τίνι τρόπῳ καθέστατε; in what case are ye? S.OT10; φονέα με φησὶ.. καθεστάναι ib. 703;

ἄπαρνος δ' οὐδενὸς καθίστατο Id.Ant. 435

;

κρυπτὸς καταστάς E.Andr. 1064

;

οἱ ἐν τούτῳ τῆς ἡλικίας καθεστῶτες ἐν ᾧ.. Antipho 2.1.1

; ἐν οἵῳ τρόπῳ [ἡ τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἀρχὴ] κατέστη how it came into being, Th.1.97, cf. 96; ἀρξάμενος εὐθὺς καθισταμένου (sc. τοῦ πολέμου ) from its first commencement, Id.1.1.

6 to be established or instituted, prevail,

καί σφι μαντήϊον Διὸς κατέστηκε Hdt.2.29

; ἄγραι.. πολλαὶ κατεστᾶσι ib.70, cf. 1.200; ὅδε σφι νόμος κατεστήκεε ib. 197;

βροτοῖσιν ὃς καθέστηκεν νόμος E. Hipp.91

: c. inf.,

θεὸν Ἀμφιάραον πρώτοις Ὠρωπίοις κατέστη νομίζειν Paus.1.34.2

: [tense] pf. part., existing, established, prevailing, τὸν νῦν κατεστεῶτα κόσμον Hdt 1.65;

ἦν κατεστηκὸς οὐδὲν φόρου πέρι Id.3.89

; τοὺς κατεστεῶτας τριηκοσίους the regular 300, Id.7.205;

οἱ καθεστῶτες νόμοι S.Ant. 1113

, Ar.Nu. 1400; τὰ καθεστῶτα the present state of life, S.Ant. 1160; also, existing laws, usages, τὰ τότε κ., τά ποτε κ., Pl.Lg. 798b, Isoc.7.56;

ἐπὶ τοῖσι κατεστεῶσι ἔνεμε τὴν πόλιν Hdt.1.59

.

7 of purchases, cost, πλέον ἢ ὅσου ἐμοὶ κατέστησαν more than they stood me in, And.2.11, cf. Plu.2.349a.

8 stand against, oppose, πρός τινα dub. l. in Plb.23.18.5:—[voice] Pass.,

Τιτήνεσσι κατέσταθεν Hes. Th. 674

.

C [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Med. and sts. [tense] pres. [voice] Med. are used in trans. sense, v. supr. A. 11.2sq.

Grammatical information: PN f.

Meaning: the wife of Hektor (Il.).

Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]

Etymology: So called, because her husband is a famous warrior. Thus Hektor's son has the name Άστυάναξ, i.e. `ruler, protector of the city', after his father's deeds. Kretschmer Glotta 12, 103. Differently Roussel REGr. 32, 482ff.

Page in Frisk: 1,105

δεσπότης, ου, ὁ (s. prec. entry; Sappho 97, 8 D. [95, 8 EVoigt ’71], Pind., Hdt.+) voc. δέσποτα

① one who has legal control and authority over persons, such as subjects or slaves, lord, master

ⓐ of slaves (Pla., Parm. 133d, Leg. 757a al.; Paroem. Gr.: Zenob. [Hadrian] 2, 81 τ. ἰδίους δεσπότας et al.; Tat. 4, 1) 1 Ti 6:1f; Tit 2:9; Phlm subscr.; 1 Pt 2:18; Hs 5, 2, 2. A slave metaphor is present in some of the pass. in 1b, AChang, BiblSacra 142, ’85, 52–63.

ⓑ of subjects. Ruler of a city Hs 1:6.—Esp. of God (Eur., Hipp. 88; X., An. 3, 2, 13; Pla., Euthyd. 302d and oft. in Gk. writings incl. Herm. Wr. 16:3 [p. 264, 14 Sc.]; OGI 619, 3; UPZ 1, 1 [IV B.C.]; PGM 36, 227 δέσποτα; LXX; TestAbr A I p. 77, 12 [Stone p. 2]; Artapanus: 726 Fgm. 3, 22 Jac. [in Eus., PE 9, 27, 22]; Ezk. Trag. 124; 188 [in Eus., PE 9, 29, 11]; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 22ff [PKatz, Philo’s Bible, ’50, 59f]; Jos., Bell. 7, 323, Ant. 8, 111; 18, 23; Just., A II, 6, 2 al.) Lk 2:29; Ac 4:24; Rv 6:10; 1 Cl 7:5; 9:4; 11:1; 24:1, 5; 36:2, 4; 40:1 al.; B 1:7; 4:3; Dg 8:7; Hv 2, 2, 4f; Hs 1:9; δ. ἁπάντων (cp. Job 5:8; Wsd. 6:7; 8:3; Sir 36:1; TestJos 1:5; Herm. Wr. 5, 4; PGM 3, 589; 4, 1164; 12, 250; δ. τῶν ὅλων Jos., Ant. 1, 72 and Just., D. 140, 4 [sim. Tat. 12, 4]; τοῦ παντὸς δ. Did., Gen. 99, 22) 1 Cl 8:2; 20:11; 33:2; 52:1; [ὁ τῶν ὅλ]ων δεσπότης Ox 1081, 36f (Coptic SJCh 90, 15); δ. καὶ δημιουργὸς τῶν ὅλων θεός Dg 8:7; τοῦ πάντων δ. GJs 11:2; ὁ δ. μου 23:3 (but s. deStrycker ad loc.). Of Christ Lk 13:25 P⁷⁵; 2 Pt 2:1; Jd 4 (δεσπ. and κύριος as Jos., Ant. 20, 90).

② one who controls a thing, owner of a vessel 2 Ti 2:21; of honey Hm 5, 1, 5.—B. 1330. Schmidt, Syn. 116–24. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

δαιμόνιον, ου, τό (substant. neut. of the adj. δαιμόνιος [s. 2 below δαιμόνιον πνεῦμα], quotable since Homer; OGI 383, 175; Herm. Wr. 10, 19; Ps.-Phoc. 101; En 19:1; TestSol; GrBar 16:3; Philo; Jos., Bell. 1, 373; 6, 429) in Gk. lit. the δαιμον-family refers in general to powerful entities that transcend ordinary experience. After Homer’s time, the adj. δαιμόνιος means anything ‘sent from heaven’ or ‘that which is divine’ and the subst. τὸ δ. comes to mean ‘divine manifestation’ or ‘heaven’, as in our expression ‘what heaven decrees’ (Hdt. 5, 87, 2; cp. SIG 601, 15; Jos., Bell. 1, 69); or simply ‘the divine’ (Eur., Bacch. 894); cp. SIG 545, 14 (of religious piety). In our lit. the subst. gener. denotes a malevolent force.

① transcendent incorporeal being w. status between humans and deities, daemon (as distinguished from demon, which in Eng. gener. connotes inimical aspect), semi-divine being, a divinity, spirit, (higher) power, without neg. connotation. The subst. was freq. used by Hellenes in a gener. sense esp. of independent numinous beings or divinities, as distinguished from a more personalized θεός, e.g. nymphs, Panes, and Sileni (Pla., Symp. 23 p. 202e πᾶν τὸ δαιμόνιον μεταξύ ἐστι θεοῦ τε καὶ θνητοῦ=‘every δ. is between a god and a mortal’; cp. Philo, Mos. 1, 276; UPZ 144, 43; 50 [164 B.C.]; Vett. Val. 355, 15; Ps.-Lucian, Asinus 24 p. 592 οὐδὲ τὰ δ. δέδοικας; ‘aren’t you afraid of the spirits [powers]?’ The term is common in adjurations, e.g., δαιμόνιον πνεῦμα, w. ref. to the spirit of the departed as possessing extraordinary powers: lead tablet fr. Hadrumetum [Dssm., B 26, 35 (BS 271ff)]; PGM 4, 3038; 3065; 3075). ξένων δ. καταγγελεύς a preacher of strange divinities Ac 17:18 (cp. Pla., Apol. 26b; X., Mem. 1, 1, 1 καινὰ δαιμόνια εἰσφέρειν).

② a hostile transcendent being w. status between humans and deities, spirit, power, hostile divinity, evil spirit, the neg. component may be either specific or contextual, and w. the sense commonly associated w. the loanword ‘demon’ (δ. φαῦλα: Chrysipp. [Stoic. II 338, 32, no. 1178]; Plut., Mor. 1051c. φαῦλ. δ.: Plut., Mor. 277a, Dio 2, 5. Vett. Val. 67, 5; 99, 7. Herm. Wr. 9, 3; PGM 4, 3081; 5, 120; 165; 170; LXX; En 19:1). Beings of this type are said to enter into persons and cause illness, esp. of the mental variety (GrBar 16:3 ἐν μαχαίρᾳ … ἐν δαιμονίοις as punishment; Jos., Bell. 7, 185 [of the spirits of deceased wicked people], Ant. 6, 166ff; 211; 214; 8, 45ff): δ. εἰσέρχεται εἴς τινα Lk 8:30; δ. ἔχειν Mt 11:18; Lk 7:33; 8:27; J 7:20; 8:48f, 52; 10:20. ἔχων πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου who was under the control of an unclean power Lk 4:33. ῥῖψαν αὐτὸν τὸ δ. vs. 35; cp. ἔρρηξεν 9:42. Hence the healing of a sick person is described as the driving out of malignant forces ἐκβάλλειν (τ.) δ. (Jos., Ant. 6, 211) Mt 7:22; 9:34; 10:8; 12:24, 27f; Mk 1:34, 39; 3:15, 22; 6:13; 7:26; 9:38; 16:9, 17; Lk 9:49; 11:14f, 18ff; 13:32. Pass. Mt 9:33. ἐξουσίαν ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ δ. Lk 9:1. τὰ δʼ ὑποτάσσεται ἡμῖν 10:17. ἐξέρχεται τὸ δ. (s. ἐξέρχομαι 1aβב.—Thrasyllus [I A.D.] in Ps.-Plut., Fluv. 16, 2 ἀπέρχεται τὸ δαιμόνιον) Mt 17:18; Mk 7:29f; Lk 4:41; 8:2, 33, 35, 38. Some live in deserted places 8:29, hence a ruined city is a habitation of (malevolent) powers Rv 18:2 (cp. Is 13:21; 34:11, 14; Bar 4:35). Their ruler is βεελζεβούλ (q.v.) Mt 12:24, 27; Lk 11:15, 18f. Erroneous instruction is διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων (subj. gen.) 1 Ti 4:1. The ability of such beings to work miracles is variously described J 10:21 and Rv 16:14. They are objects of polytheistic worship 9:20 (Dt 32:17; Bar 4:7; cp. Ps 95:5; 105:37; En 19:1; 99:7; Just., Tat.; SibOr Fgm. 1, 22. Likew. among Persians and Babylonians: Cumont³ 305, 97) 1 Cor 10:20f (w. satirical reference to the secondary status of these members of the spirit-world relative to deity); B 16:7. On Js 2:19 s. φρίσσω.—Of the evil spirit of slander Hm 2:3; of vengeance Hs 9, 23, 5; of arrogance Hs 9, 22, 3.—The δ. can appear without a tangible body, and then acts as a phantom or ghost ISm 3:2.—JGeffcken, Zwei griech. Apologeten 1907, 216ff; JTambornino, De Antiquorum Daemonismo 1909; RWünsch, D. Geisterbannung im Altertum: Festschr. Univ. Breslau 1911, 9–32; WBousset, Z. Dämonologie d. späteren Antike: ARW 18, 1915, 134–72; FAndres, Daimon: Pauly-W. Suppl. III 1918, 267–322; MPohlenz, Stoa ’49 (index).—HDuhm, D. bösen Geister im AT 1904; GBarton, EncRelEth IV 1911, 594–601; AJirku, Die Dämonen u. ihre Abwehr im AT 1912; ALods, Marti Festschr. 1925, 181–93; HKaupel, D. Dämonen im AT 1930; Bousset, Rel.³ 1926, 331ff; Billerb. IV 1928, 501–35; TCanaan, M.D., Dämonenglaube im Lande der Bibel 1929 1–20.—WAlexander, Demonic Possession in the NT 1902; JSmit, De Daemonicis in Hist. Evang. 1913; RBultmann, Gesch. d. Syn. Tradition² ’31, 223ff; HEberlein, NKZ 42, ’31, 499–509; 562–72; FFenner, D. Krankheit im NT 1930; ATitius, NBonwetsch Festschr. 1918, 25–47; GSulzer, D. Besessenheitsheilungen Jesu 1921; HSeng, D. Heilungen Jesu in med. Beleuchtung² 1926; WWrede, Z. Messiaserkenntnis d. Dämonen bei Mk: ZNW 5, 1904, 169–77; OBauernfeind, D. Worte d. Dämonen im Mk-Ev. 1928; AFridrichsen, Theology 21, ’31, 122–35; SMcCasland, By the Finger of God ’51; SEitrem, Some Notes on the Demonology in the NT: SymbOsl, Suppl. 12, ’50, 1–60; JKallas, The Satanward View (Paul), ’66; GTillesse, Le Secret Messianique dans Mk, ’68, 75–111; RAC IX 546–797; RMacMullen, VigChr 37, ’83, 174–92; G. Francois, Le polythéisme et l’emploi au singulier des mots ΘΕΟΣ ΔΑΙΜΩΝ ’57 (lit.); GRiley, Demon: DDD 445–55. S. also the lit. s.v. ἄγγελος.—B. 1488. DELG s.v. δαίμων. M-M. TW.

στέργω, A.Eu. 911, Ar.Eq. 769, etc.: [tense] impf.

A

ἔστεργον Hdt.9.117

, E. Ion 817: [tense] fut.

στέρξω S.Ph. 458

, D.18.112, etc.: [tense] aor.

ἔστερξα Semon.7.45

, S.OT 1023, etc.: [tense] pf.

ἔστοργα Hdt.7.104

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.

ἐστέρχθην Lyc.1190

, Plu.Ant.31, etc.: [tense] pf.

ἔστεργμαι Emp.22.5

, AP 6.120 (Leon.):—love, feel affection, freq. of the mutual love of parents and children, S.OT 1023, OC 1529, Demetr.Lac.Herc.1012.46, etc.; παῖς στέργει τε καὶ στέργεται ὑπὸ τῶν γεννησάντων Pl.Lg. 754b;

σ. τὰ νεογνὰ βρέφη X.Oec.7.24

; πατέρα, τοὺς γονέας, E.El. 1102, D. 25.65, cf. Arist.EN 1161b18; of the love of the ruled people for a ruler, Hdt.9.113, cf. S.Ant. 292; of the love of a tutelary god for the people, A.Eu. 911; so

ἐμὲ γὰρ ἔστερξαν.. Μοῦσαι Ar.Ra. 229

; of a wheedling demagogue,

ὦ Δῆμ', εἰ μή σε.. στέργω Id.Eq. 769

; of a city and her colonies, Th.1.38; of the love of dogs for their master, X.Cyn.7.12.

2 less freq. of the love of husband and wife, Hdt.2.181, 7.69, S.Tr. 577, Aj. 212 (anap.);

ἄλλην τιν' εὐνήν E.Andr. 907

, cf. 468 (lyr.);

πόσιν στέργοντ' ἔχειν Id.Fr. 1062

; of brothers and sisters, Id.IA 502; of friends, LXX Si.27.17, etc.

3 seldom of sexual love, X.Smp.8.14,21, Sosicr.4; of a horse and mare, Hdt.3.85; πρόβατα ἄρνα εἰ μὴ ς. Crateuas ap.Sch.Nic.Th. 681:—[voice] Med., c. gen.,

δυοῖν γυναικοῖν εἷς ἀνὴρ οὐ στέργεται Com.Adesp.284

.

II generally, to be fond of, show affection for,

μή μ' ἔπεσιν μὲν στέργε Thgn.87

;

λόγοις ἐγὼ φιλοῦσαν οὐ στέργω φίλην S. Ant. 543

; στέργει γὰρ οὐδεὶς ἄγγελον κακῶν ἐπῶν ib. 277, cf. Ar.V. 1054, etc.: also of things, οὐκ οἰκός ἐστι.. εὐνοίην.. διωθέεσθαι, ἀλλὰ ς. accept it gladly, Hdt.7.104;

μακράν γε.. ῥῆσιν οὐ σ. πόλις A.Supp. 273

, cf. Th. 717;

ὕβριν γὰρ οὐ σ. οὐδὲ δαίμονες S.Tr. 280

;

ἔστερξε τὴν ἁπλῶς δίκην Id.Fr. 770

;

τὴν ἀλήθειαν Pl.R. 485c

, etc.: reversely,

στέργοι με σωφροσύνα E.Med. 635

(lyr.).

III to be content or satisfied, acquiesce (cf.

ἀγαπάω 111

), S.OT11 (unless, having desired, cf. infr. iv), OC7;

στεργέτω Pl.Lg. 849e

;

στέρξω καὶ σιωπήσομαι D. 18.112

; στέρξον oblige me, do me the favour, S.OC 518 (lyr.).

2 c. acc., ἔστεργον τὰ παρεόντα were content with, acquiesced in them, Hdt.9.117; τὴν Διὸς τυραννίδα bear with it, A.Pr.11;

ἐθέλω τάδε μὲν σ. δύστλητά περ ὄντα Id.Ag. 1570

(anap.), cf. Eu. 673;

ἀνάγκῃ προὔμαθον σ. κακά S.Ph. 538

, cf. E.Ph. 1685, PGrenf.1.53.21 (iv A.D.);

σ. τὴν γυναῖκα S.Tr. 486

, cf. E.Andr. 180;

τὴν τύχην D.55.22

.

3 c. dat.,

σ. τοῖσι σοῖς E.Supp. 257

;

τοῖς παροῦσιν Isoc.Ep.2.23

;

τῇ ἐμῇ τύχῃ Pl.Hp.Ma. 295b

;

ταῖς ὑμετέραις γνώσεσι D.26.5

;

στέρξαι καὶ ἐμμεῖναι τῇ δίκῃ Sammelb.5681.32

(v A.D.); also

σ. ἐπὶ τούτῳ D.39.6

;

ἐν μικροῖς E.El. 407

.

4 c. part.,

οὐ γὰρ ἔχω πῶς ἂν στέρξαιμι κακὸν τόδε λεύσσων S.Tr. 992

(anap.);

σ. ξυμφορᾷ νικώμενοι E.Hipp. 458

; Ζεὺς εἴτ' Ἀΐδης ὀνομαζόμενος στέργεις whether thou likest to be named Zeus or Hades, Id.Fr. 912 (anap.).

5 rarely c. inf.,

οὐκ ἔστεργέ σοι ὅμοιος εἶναι E. Ion 817

.

IV desire, entreat, c. acc. et inf.,

Ἀπόλλω καὶ κασιγνήταν.. στέργω μολεῖν S.OC 1094

(lyr.);

μειλιχίοις στέρξοι τε παραιφάμενος ἐπέεσσιν Orph.A. 771

(s.v.l.); for S.OT11 v. supr. 111.1.

πολίτης, ου, ὁ (πόλις; Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, TestJob 29, 1; EpArist, Philo, Joseph.)

① one who lives in or comes fr. a city or country, citizen of πόλεως Ac 21:39. τῆς χώρας ἐκείνης Lk 15:15. (Opp. ξένοι, as Philo, Poster. Cai. 109) Dg 5:5; AcPl Ha 4, 6.

② a member of one’s own sociopolitical group, fellow-citizen, compatriot (Pla., Apol. 37c, Prot. 339f; Diod S 11, 47, 3; 11, 62, 1 al.; Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 2, 4 Jac.; Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 127 §531 al.; Chion, Ep. 15, 1; Pr 11:9; 24:28; TestJob 29:1; Jos., Ant. 1, 21, Vi. 274) Hb 8:11 (Jer 38:34). The compatriots or subjects of a ruler are likew. so called (Schol. on Nicander, Ther. 15 [p. 5, 34]; Jos., Ant. 12, 162) 1 Cl 55:1. Cp. Lk 19:14.—DELG s.v. πόλις. M-M. TW. Spicq.